Cigarette Consumption and Ethnicity Among Youth in the Province of Jujuy
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Latin America is the world region with the highest rates of youth tobacco use and the widest socioeconomic gaps. Although Indigenous peoples constitute the most disadvantaged social group in the region, no data are available on cigarette smoking in this population.
In 2004, a self-administered survey was conducted among 3,131 young people enrolled in a random sample of 27 urban and rural schools in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. Questions adapted from global tobacco-use surveys were used.
We found a higher percentage of current smokers, defined as those who had smoked in the previous month, among Indigenous youth (23%; 95% CI = 21–25) and those who self-identified as mixed Indigenous and European (23%; 95% CI = 18.9–27.1), compared with European youth (11.4%; 95% CI = 6.7–15.1).
The adjusted odds of smoking in the previous month were considerably higher for Indigenous youth (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1–3.3) and mixed Indigenous and European youth (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2–3.4), after controlling for sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors.
Other psychosocial factors associated with current smoking included having at least one friend who smoked, repeating a grade in school, depressive symptoms during the previous year, an orientation toward risk-taking behaviors, and drinking alcoholic beverages during the previous week.
These results underscore the importance of addressing social and cultural diversity in the global tobacco epidemic.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author/s grant exclusive license without temporary limit for the manuscript to be published in Cuadernos-FHyCS edited by Humanides the Faculty of Social Science, National University of Jujuy.
References
Allison, P. D. (2002) Missing Data (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Vol. 136). Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
Arillo-Santillán, E. et al. (2005) Associations between individual and contextual factors and smoking in 13,293 Mexican students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, (1), pp. 41-51.
Bachman, J. G. et al. (1991) Racial/ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89. American Journal of Public Health, 81, (3), pp. 372-377.
Benjet, C. et al. (2007) Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of drug use among adolescents: results from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Addiction, 102, (8), pp. 1261-1268.
Best, D. et al. (2001) Ethnic and gender differences in drinking and smoking among London adolescents. Ethnicity & Health, 6, (1), pp. 51-57.
Biglan, A., Duncan, T. E., Ary, D. V. y Smolkowski, K. (1995) Peer and parental influences on adolescent tobacco use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18, (4), pp. 315-330.
Bree, M. B. M. van den, Whitmer, M. D. y Pickworth, W. B. (2004) Predictors of smoking development in a population-based sample of adolescents: a prospective study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, (3), pp. 172-181.
Conrad, K. M., Flay, B. R. y Hill, D. (1992) Why children start smoking cigarettes: predictors of onset. British Journal of Addiction, 87, (12), pp. 1711-1724.
Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group (GYTSCG) (2002) Tobacco use among youth: a cross-country comparison. Tobacco Control, 11, (3), pp. 252-270.
Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group (GYTSCG) (2003) Differences in worldwide tobacco use by gender: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Journal of School Health, 73, (6), pp. 207-215.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) (2001) Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2001. Buenos Aires, INDEC.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) (2005) Anuario estadístico de la República Argentina. Buenos Aires, INDEC.
Isohanni, M., Moilanen, I. y Rantakallio, P. (1991) Determinants of teenage smoking, with special reference to non-standard family background. British Journal of Addiction, 86, (4), pp. 391-398.
Jha, P. y Chaloupka, F. J. (Eds.) (2000) Tobacco Control in Developing Countries. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Johnson, R. A. y Hoffman, J. P. (2000) Adolescent cigarette smoking in US racial/ethnic subgroups: findings from the National Education Longitudinal Study. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, (4), pp. 392-407.
Koval, J. J., Pederson, L. L. y Chan, S. B. (2004) Psychosocial variables in a cohort of students in grades 8 and 11: a comparison of current and never smokers. Preventive Medicine, 39, (5), pp. 1017-1025.
Lee, L. K. et al. (2005) Smoking among secondary school students in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 17, (2), pp. 130-136.
Madu, S. N. y Matla, M. Q. (2003) Illicit drug use, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviour among a sample of high school adolescents in the Pietersburg area of the Northern Province, South Africa. Journal of Adolescence, 26, (1), pp. 121-136.
Meijer, B., Branski, D. y Kerem, E. (2001) Ethnic differences in cigarette smoking among adolescents: a comparison of Jews and Arabs in Jerusalem. The Israel Medical Association Journal (IMAJ), 3, (7), pp. 504-507.
Meng, X.-L. y Rubin, D. B. (1992) Performing likelihood ratio tests with multiply-imputed data sets. Biometrika, 79, (1), pp. 103-111.
Morello, P. et al. (2001) Tobacco use among high school students in Buenos Aires, Argentina. American Journal of Public Health, 91, (2), pp. 219-224.
Muza, G. M., Bettiol, H., Muccillo, G. y Barbieri, M. A. (1997) Consumo de substâncias psicoativas por adolescentes escolares de Ribeirão Preto, SP (Brasil). II: Distribuição do consumo por níveis sociais. Revista de Saúde Pública, 31, (2), pp. 163-170.
Nurk, E. et al. (1999) Trends in tobacco use among Estonian and Russian youth in Tallinn. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 27, (4), pp. 301-305.
Otten, R. et al. (2007) Parental smoking and adolescent smoking stages: the role of parents' current and former smoking, and family structure. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, (2), pp. 143-154.
Patrinos, H. A. (Ed.) (2005) Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994-2004. Washington, D.C., The World Bank.
Reiter, J. P., Raghunathan, T. E. y Kinney, S. K. (2006) The importance of modeling the sampling design in multiple imputation for missing data. Survey Methodology, 32, (2), pp. 143-149.
Rodham, K. et al. (2005) Ethnic and gender differences in drinking, smoking and drug taking among adolescents in England: a self-report school-based survey of 15 and 16 year olds. Journal of Adolescence, 28, (1), pp. 63-73.
Rubin, D. B. (1987) Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons.
Schafer, J. L. (1997) Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data. Londres-Nueva York, Chapman & Hall.
Schepis, T. S. y Rao, U. (2005) Epidemiology and etiology of adolescent smoking. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 17, (5), pp. 607-612.
Sinha, J. W., Cnaan, R. A. y Gelles, R. J. (2007) Adolescent risk behaviors and religion: findings from a national study. Journal of Adolescence, 30, (2), pp. 231-249.
Spein, A. R., Sexton, H. y Kvernmo, S. (2004) Predictors of smoking behaviour among indigenous Sami adolescents and non-indigenous peers in north Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 32, (2), pp. 118-129.
Swart, D. et al. (2003) Cigarette use among male and female grade 8-10 students of different ethnicity in South African schools. Tobacco Control, 12, (1), e1, pp. 1-8.
Valdivia, G. et al. (2004) Hábito tabáquico en escolares de Chile: un estudio poblacional. Revista Médica de Chile, 132, (4), pp. 521-523.
Valois, R. F. et al. (1999) Association between employment and substance abuse behaviors among public high school adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25, (4), pp. 256-263.
Vega, W. A., Warheit, G. J., Apospori, E. y Gil, A. G. (1993) Risk factors for early adolescent drug use in four ethnic and racial groups. American Journal of Public Health, 83, (2), pp. 185-189.
Wakai, K., Miura, H. y Umenai, T. (2005) Effect of working status on tobacco, alcohol, and drug use among adolescents in urban area of Thailand. Addictive Behaviors, 30, (3), pp. 457-464.
Warren, C. W. et al. (2006) Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults. The Lancet, 367, (9512), pp. 749-753.
Weaver, A. J., Flannelly, K. J. y Strock, A. L. (2005) A review of research on the effects of religion on adolescent tobacco use published between 1990 and 2003. Adolescence, 40, (160), pp. 761-776.
Wills, T. A. y Cleary, S. D. (1997) The validity of self-reports of smoking: analyses by race/ethnicity in a school sample of urban adolescents. American Journal of Public Health, 87, (1), pp. 56-61.